Chinese State-Sponsored Hackers Exploit Common Vulnerabilities: A Comprehensive List

By Editor Last updated Mrz 4, 2025

Chinese state-sponsored hackers have emerged as significant threats to the United States government and critical infrastructure, with direct affiliations to the People’s Republic of China (PRC). These hackers employ virtual private networks (VPNs) to obscure their actions and exploit commonly recognized vulnerabilities and exposures (CVEs) to gain unauthorized access to networks. To effectively combat these risks, it is imperative to maintain up-to-date and patched systems, giving priority to vulnerabilities that have already been exploited. Furthermore, the implementation of multifactor authentication can help prevent phishing attacks, while strong and unique passwords should be consistently maintained. Blocking obsolete or unused protocols at the network perimeter is also advised. In addition, upgrading or replacing end-of-life equipment is recommended, along with adopting a Zero Trust security model. Vigilant monitoring of log files for any aberrant activity and robust logging of Internet-facing systems are essential. For more in-depth guidance on countering cyber attacks using a Zero Trust networking approach, a complimentary e-book is available for download.

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Key Takeaways

Chinese state-sponsored hackers are identified as significant threats to US government and infrastructure, utilizing VPNs to conceal their activities and exploiting common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVEs) for unauthorized network access.
These hackers have ties to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and are assessed by the National Security Agency (NSA), Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
Their tactics and techniques have a profound impact on international relations and require mitigation measures to protect systems and data and enhance defenses against these hackers.
Mitigations and prevention measures include keeping systems up to date and patched, using multifactor authentication to prevent phishing attacks, maintaining strong and unique passwords, and blocking obsolete or unused protocols at the network edge.

Chinese State-Sponsored Hackers

Chinese state-sponsored cyber actors, who have been identified as significant threats to US government and infrastructure, have been found to utilize VPNs to conceal their activities and exploit common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVEs) for unauthorized network access. These hackers are known to have ties to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and have been assessed by the National Security Agency (NSA), Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The tactics and techniques used by these actors have had a profound impact on international relations, as they pose a serious threat to the security and stability of various nations. To mitigate these risks, it is crucial to keep systems up to date and patched, prioritize patches for exploited vulnerabilities, utilize multifactor authentication, maintain strong and unique passwords, and block obsolete or unused protocols at the network edge. Additionally, upgrading or replacing end-of-life equipment and adopting a Zero Trust security model can help enhance defenses against these hackers. Monitoring log files for anomalous activity and enabling robust logging of Internet-facing systems are also essential measures.

Mitigations and Prevention

To prevent unauthorized network access, it is recommended to keep systems up to date and patched, prioritize patches for vulnerabilities that are actively exploited, use multifactor authentication to prevent phishing attacks, maintain strong and unique passwords, and block obsolete or unused protocols at the network edge. Prioritizing software updates is crucial to address vulnerabilities that can be exploited by Chinese state-sponsored hackers. By promptly applying patches, organizations can mitigate the risk of unauthorized access and potential data breaches. Additionally, implementing network segmentation can help limit the scope of an attack by dividing the network into smaller segments and controlling access between them. This approach can impede lateral movement and restrict the ability of hackers to navigate through the network, enhancing the overall security posture. It is essential for organizations to adopt these preventive measures to protect their systems and data from the persistent threats posed by Chinese state-sponsored cyber actors.

Upgrading and Replacing Equipment

Upgrading and replacing outdated equipment is an essential step in enhancing network security and reducing the risk of unauthorized access and potential cyber attacks. As technology advances, older equipment becomes more susceptible to vulnerabilities and exploits. By upgrading or replacing end-of-life equipment, organizations can ensure that their network infrastructure is equipped with the latest security features and patches.

Implementing a Zero Trust security model is a crucial aspect of upgrading and replacing equipment. This model ensures that every user and device is verified before granting access to resources, regardless of their location within the network. By adopting this approach, organizations can significantly reduce the attack surface and minimize the impact of potential breaches.

However, challenges may arise during the process of upgrading and replacing equipment. End-of-life equipment may pose compatibility issues with newer systems, requiring careful planning and coordination. Additionally, organizations must carefully monitor log files for any anomalous activity and enable robust logging of Internet-facing systems to detect and respond to potential threats effectively.

Frequently Asked Questions

How does the Chinese government respond to accusations of state-sponsored hacking?

The Chinese government has generally denied accusations of state-sponsored hacking, often deflecting blame onto other actors. The impact of state-sponsored hacking on international relations is evident in the case study of China, as it strains trust and cooperation among nations.

What are the specific vulnerabilities that Chinese state-sponsored hackers commonly exploit?

Chinese state-sponsored hackers commonly exploit vulnerabilities such as unpatched software, weak passwords, and outdated equipment. To counter these exploitation techniques, organizations should prioritize patching, implement multifactor authentication, and upgrade or replace end-of-life equipment.

Are there any specific industries or sectors that are particularly targeted by Chinese state-sponsored hackers?

Chinese state-sponsored hackers target a wide range of industries and sectors, including government, defense, technology, finance, and energy. Their motives range from cyber defense to international espionage, making it crucial for organizations in these sectors to enhance their cybersecurity measures.

How do Chinese state-sponsored hackers use VPNs to hide their activities?

Chinese state-sponsored hackers use VPN encryption techniques to hide their activities. This allows them to mask their true identities and locations, making it difficult for cybersecurity professionals to trace their actions and attribute them to a specific group or country. The use of VPNs has significant implications for cybersecurity as it enables hackers to bypass network security measures and gain unauthorized access to target systems.

Are there any known instances of successful mitigations against Chinese state-sponsored hacking attempts?

Successful mitigation strategies against Chinese state-sponsored hacking attempts have had a positive impact on global cybersecurity. Measures such as keeping systems patched and up to date, using multifactor authentication, and monitoring log files for anomalous activity have proven effective.